居住小区模式起源、成型与本土化历程的回顾与探讨-中国名城

文章信息/Info

Title:: Review and Discussion of the Origin, Evolution and Localization of the Mode of Microdistrict

作者:: 谭文勇; 周鼎; 谭文勇，重庆大学建筑城规学院城乡规划系副主任，副教授，一级注册建筑师；周鼎（通信作者），北京大学长沙计算与数字经济研究院助理研究员。

Keywords:: microdistrict; residential district planning; mode of residential district; origin; localization

摘要:: 过往居住小区模式研究相对淡化了其原始发展过程，或侧重于对市场化时代的批判。引入历史分析视角，将这一经典规划模式放置于历史文本与社会环境中，完整梳理了居住小区模式从“苏联的路”走向我国“自己的路”的脉络，认为苏联的居住小区起源于“工人街坊”，而后经历了“扩大街坊、居住小区实验、居住小区成型”3个阶段，而我国则在住区范式转移后经历了居住小区“理论引入、规划实践、模式总结”3个阶段的本土化过程。从时代背景、空间模式与规划实践3个维度解读居住小区的形成与发展，以及其得以本土化的深层次原因，以期为我国新时代住区建设贡献历史与理论价值。

Abstract:: Previous studies have relatively weakened the original development process of the residential district model, or focused on criticizing it in the era of marketization. This paper introduces the historical analysis perspective, places this classic planning model in the historical text and social environment, and completely combs the context of the residential community model from the "road of the Soviet Union" to China’s "own road", and thinks that the microdistrict in the Soviet Union originated from the "worker neighborhood", and then went through the three-stage evolution process of "expanding the neighborhood, microdistrict experiment and microdistrict formation", while China experienced the three-stage localization process of "theory introduction, planning practice and mode summary" after the paradigm shift of microdistrict. Then, it interprets the formation and development of microdistrict and the deep-seated reasons for their gradual acceptance and localization from the three dimensions of historical background, spatial pattern and planning practice, with a view to contributing historical and theoretical value to the construction of residential areas in the new era in China.