中国传统建筑工匠制度建立的思考-中国名城

文章信息/Info

Title:: Reflections on the Establishment of the Craftsman System of Traditional Chinese Architecture

Keywords:: traditional architecture; construction; craftsman system; management

摘要:: 工匠是中华优秀传统建筑的创作者、建造者与技艺传承人，传统建筑工匠的营造技艺是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。然而我国尚未针对传统建筑工匠建立专门的工作制度、技术水平评聘与保障机制。通过对与传统建筑工匠职业特点相似的古建筑工和非物质文化遗产代表性传承人相关管理制度中人才培养和培训机制，以及国内外传统建筑工匠制度的研究，提出建立中国传统建筑工匠制度的必要性与紧迫性。并通过借鉴部分地区建立的与传统建筑工匠制度性质相近的管理制度，提出建立集建筑形式、传统工艺、行业管理、经济效益等多方面为一体的，有针对性的传统建筑工匠职业分类管理制度，以更好地传承传统建筑营造技艺。

Abstract:: Craftsmen are the creators, implementers and inheritors of Chinese excellent traditional architecture. The construction skills of traditional architectural craftsmen are an important part of Chinese excellent traditional culture. However, China has not yet established a special work system, technical level evaluation and guarantee mechanism for traditional architectural craftsmen. Through the research on the talent training and training management mechanism of the ancient construction craftsman system and the representative inheritor system of intangible cultural heritage, which are similar to the occupational characteristics of traditional building craftsmen, as well as the research on the traditional building craftsman system at home and abroad, it is proposed to establish a Chinese traditional building craftsman. The necessity and urgency of the teacher system. And by learning from the management systems established in some areas that are similar in nature to traditional building craftsmen, it is proposed to establish a targeted traditional building craftsman profession that integrates architectural forms, traditional craftsmanship, industry management, and economic benefits. Classification management system to better inherit traditional architectural construction techniques.